The construction of emergency scenarios is one of the cutting-edge scientific issues in the current field of public safety, which plays an indispensable supporting and guiding role in emergency management practices such as emergency preparedness planning, emergency plan management, and emergency training exercises. At present, most of the current research on emergency scenarios focuses on macro emergency response and other fields, lacking specific research on the water supply field. Constructing emergency response scenarios with water supply characteristics is of great significance. Firstly, based on the entire process of emergency response to water supply emergencies in the past, a comparative evaluation is conducted to identify deficiencies and deficiencies in the handling of water supply emergencies, and to enhance the ability to respond to water supply emergencies. Secondly, it provides important support for optimizing China's water supply emergency preparedness model and emergency management work in the water supply industry, and provides guidance for improving the water supply emergency management system. Thirdly, provide technical support for the formulation and revision of contingency plans, provide a basis for training and drills in water supply departments, and provide measurement standards and foundations for assessment work.