IWRA Proceedings

UNESCO defines emerging pollutants in a broad sense as any synthetic or naturally-occurring chemical or any microorganism that is not commonly monitored or regulated in the environment with potentially known or suspected adverse ecological or human health effects. The OECD defines contaminants of emerging concern as a vast array of contaminants that: have only recently appeared in freshwater systems; are of recent concern because they have been detected at concentrations significantly higher than expected; or pose risks to human and environmental health that may not be fully understood. Examples include pharmaceuticals, industrial and household chemicals, personal care products, metals, surfactants, industrial additives and solvents, pesticides, and manufactured nanomaterials, as well as their transformation products. Many of these substances are used and released continuously into the environment even in very low quantities, and some may cause chronic toxicity, endocrine disruption in humans and aquatic wildlife, and the development of bacterial pathogen resistance.

Scientific knowledge and understanding of potential human and ecosystem health risks posed by emerging pollutants, as well as their presence in water resources and wastewater and their pathways and accumulation in the environment, are still very scarce. Most emerging pollutants are not regulated in environmental, water quality, and wastewater discharge regulations. Hence, there is an urgent need to: strengthen scientific knowledge and adopt appropriate technological and policy approaches to monitor emerging pollutants in water resources and wastewater; assess their potential human health and environmental risks; prevent and control their disposal into water resources and the environment; develop appropriate regulations to address and mitigate, as well as prevent the introduction of, such pollutants in the aquatic environment.

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