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The international industry sector, and particularly agricultural and energy industries, whether funded by governments or the private sector, can significantly reduce the use of freshwater by installing relatively simple and proven water treatment systems that use stormwater, reclaimed water, greywater, and rainwater to replace freshwater use. Although the treatment systems will require an initial capital cost, in many cases this capital cost will be recaptured within several years of installation. Cost recapture will be accelerated where treatment systems service entities that require over one million gallons per day (gpd) water, such as food processing (e.g., sugar), coal-fired power plants, pulp and paper mills, steel mills, and data centers AISI 2000. AISI–Facts & Figures: Preserving the World for All of Us to Enjoy. American Iron and Steel Institute. Washington, D.C. http://www.steel.org/facts/power/environmental.htm. BBC News 2012. 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Product Trial Reduces Water Evaporation 31%. Environmental Leader. April 17. EPA 2008. Iron and steel at a glance 1996-2005. 2008 sector performance report. http://www.epa.gov/sectors/pdf/2008_iron_steel.pdf. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. ES & T 2010. Direct and indirect industrial water withdrawals for U.S. industrial sectors. Environmental Science & Technology 44 (6), pp. 2126 – 2130. Gander, M. 2014. International water law and supporting water management principles in the development of a model transboundary agreement between riparians in international river basins. Water International 39(2), pp. 1 – 18. Gerbens-Leenes, P.W. and Hoekstra, A. 2009. The water footprint of sweeteners and bio-ethanol from sugarcane, sugar beet and maize. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Value of Water Research Report Series No. 38. Harte, J. 2014. City Goes High-Tech to Limit Water Loss. Wall Street Journal. August 5. IEA 2014. For World Water Day, IEA shares in-depth analysis of energy sector’s use. International Energy Agency website. C:UsersmalcomgDocumentsWater Energy Sector Use IEA 2014.htm. Paris, March 17. IEA 2012. World energy outlook 2012, see chapter entitled "Water for energy: is energy becoming a thirstier resource?" International Energy Agency. IPST 1995. Pulp and paper mill swater use in North America. Institute of Paper Science and Technology Technical Paper Series Number 601. Kenny, J.F., N.L. Barber, S.S. Hutson, K.S. Linsey, J.K. Lovelace, and M.A. Maupin. 2009. Estimated use of water in the U.S. in 2005. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1344. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1344/pdf/c1344.pdf. Miller, R. 2011. Microsoft to slash its water impact in Quincy. Data Center Knowledge MIT 2011. Out of thick air. Massachusetts Institute of Technology News. April 21. Monsanto 1964. Method of reducing water evaporation losses in open reservoirs. United States Patent Office, US 3,147,067, patented September 1. NBD 2012. NBD Nano Website. October 29. Pacific Institute 2014. Desalination and alternative supplies. Pacific Institute website. www.pacinst.org. Patentscope 2014. AU2009001684 Method for controlling water evaporation. Patentscope wipo.int. March 8. Prime E.L., Tran, D.N., Plazzer, M., Sunartio, D., Leung, A.H., Yiapanis, G., and Solomon, D.H. Rational design of monolayers for improved water evaporation monolayers of octadecanol and cholesterol. Journal of colloid and interface science, 207(2), 258-263. Schelmetic, T. 2012. Down the drain: industry water use. http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/2012/04/10/down-the-drain-industry-water-use/ Thomasnet News. April 10. Sugarcane.org 2013. Mills in south-central Brazil processed 42.84 million tons of sugarcane in the first-half of September. http//www.sugarcane.org website. September 25. UMN 2011. Water use in pulp and paper mills. University of Minnesota Technical Assistance Program. www.mntap.umn.edu/paper/water.html. April11. Winslow, B. 2014, Bluffdale releases water bill for NSA data center. Fox News, Salt Lake City, April 26. Wolf, A.T., 2002. Atlas of international freshwater agreements. United Nations Environmental Programme. Nairobi, Kenya. 184 p. WRG 2013. Water recycling in the food sector, Durban, South Africa. Water Scarcity Solutions, 2030 Water Resources Group. Washington, D.C. August. WRG 2013a. Wastewater reclamation to meet potable water demand, Windhoek, Namibia. Water Scarcity Solutions, 2030 Water Resources Group. Washington, D.C. August. WRG 2013b. Leakage reduction in primary schools, Upington, South Africa. Water Scarcity Solutions, 2030 Water Resources Group. Washington, D.C. August. WRG 2013c. Leakage reduction in a city, city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Water Scarcity Solutions, 2030 Water Resources Group. Washington, D.C. August. WRG 2013d. Managing water towards zero discharge, Lerma Chapala Basin, Mexico. Water Scarcity Solutions, 2030 Water Resources Group. Washington, D.C. August. WRG 2013e. Irrigation management, Orange-Senqu Basin, South Africa. Water Scarcity Solutions, 2030 Water Resources Group. Washington, D.C. August. WRG 2012. The Water Resources Group, background, impact and way forward. 2030 Water Resources Group. Briefing report prepared for the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012 in Davos-Klosters Switzerland. 26 January.