• Rising climate variability and hotter droughts
• Rapid urbanization and growing demands
• Increasing reliance on groundwater and conjunctive use
• Stresses on governance, financing, and coordination
• Need for actionable, accessible early warning systems
• Hydrologic responses emerge across different timescales: days → seasons →years.
• S2S forecasts offer early signals for drought, low flows, and heat extremes.
• Utility for water supply planning depends on lead time, skill, and local context.
• Bridging climate and hydrologic tools improves operational decision-making.
• Strengthen early warning systems to expand access to S2S and hydrologic forecasts.
• Integrate forecasts and associated uncertainty into operations through clear, actionable decision pathways.
• Continue investments in monitoring and data systems to improve rainfall, groundwater, and flow observations.
• Deepen institutional collaboration by building on existing regional and local coordination frameworks.