The Longchuan River is a tributary of the Jinsha River in the middle of the Yangtze River basin and known as the “Mother River” ofChuxiong Prefecture, which has also been selected as an excellent case of “Beautiful River and Lakes” by the Ministry of Ecology andEnvironment. The whole basin is located in Chuxiong Prefecture and is subject to human activities, with a high degree of waterresources development and utilization. The water resources, water environment, water ecology and water disasters are highlyrepresentative of the southwest region, and the evolution of water resources in the Longchuan River basin has attracted wide attentionfrom all walks of life. The study focuses on the analysis of water resources evolution, ecological flow guarantee, river water quality,aquatic life conditions and other aspects through the detailed hydrological monitoring data collected in the Longchuan River basin.There are five aspects of the problem: 1) transformation of “governance of the township, county and industry” to “governance of thebasin and joint governance of the whole area” has not been implemented. 2) Weak urban and rural sewage treatment facilities lead tolow sewage treatment rate. 3) Combination of protection governance and orderly development has not been achieved in industrialdevelopment. 4) High degree of water resources development and utilization in the basin. 5) Comprehensive governance bygovernment, enterprises, the masses and individuals, and group policies still need to be strengthened. This paper puts forwardrationalized suggestions for integrated watershed management in five aspects, which are of great significance for the protection ofwatershed, and also have reference significance for integrated watershed management in the southwest region.